yum的各种安装

2009-12-20 13:48| 发布者: admin| 查看: 107| 评论: 0|原作者: 夙瑶

yum的各种安装
1.光盘安装
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /install
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt /install
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
写入如下内容：/install/Server为修改后的RPM包的路径
[rhel5-local]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Local Repository
baseurl=file:///install/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost Server]# yum install system-config-kickstart
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "security" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
rhel5-local 100% |=========================| 1.3 kB 00:00
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 709 kB 00:00
rhel5-loca: ################################################## 2223/2223
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package system-config-kickstart.noarch 0:2.6.19.6-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: pykickstart for package: system-config-kickstart
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pykickstart.noarch 0:0.43.1-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
system-config-kickstart noarch 2.6.19.6-1.el5 rhel5-local 988 k
Installing for dependencies:
pykickstart noarch 0.43.1-1.el5 rhel5-local 127 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 2 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.1 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: pykickstart ######################### [1/2]
Installing: system-config-kickstart ######################### [2/2]
Installed: system-config-kickstart.noarch 0:2.6.19.6-1.el5
Dependency Installed: pykickstart.noarch 0:0.43.1-1.el5
Complete!
2.网络安装
A:[root@nihao ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf
[Base]
name=as5-base
baseurl=
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
把上述加入文件的最后
B:[root@nihao ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@nihao yum.repos.d]# vi centos.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for
# CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS
# updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/i386/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
baseurl=
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/i386/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/i386/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/i386/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
把上述写入文件
3. yum各个命令
安装：
yum install RPM包的名称
删除：
yum remove RPM包的名称
搜索：
yum search RPM包的名称
显示仓库所有文件：
yum list
显示安装包详细说明信息：
yum info RPM包的名称
更新安装：
yum update RPM包的名称
清楚服务器仓库缓存等：
yum clean all
本地安装：
yum localinstall /路径/RPM包的名称
本地更新:
yum localupdate /路径/RPM包的名称
显示安装包所安装的文件列表:
yum provides RPM包的名称
反查文件所属安装包：
yum whatprovides /路径/文件
注：
若安装时需要安装到指定的文件夹，则需要 --installroot
举例：
yum install --installroot=/mnt vim
常见问题：
1、解决安装时需要KEY的问题?
vim /etc/yum.conf
找到这行：
gpgcheck=1
替换成：
gpgcheck=0
总结：
这个是针对单机配置，所以使用file关键字，如果打算在网络内使用，则可以使用ftp关键字，当
然还要开启相应的ftp服务。具体配置参考附件脚本。另外这个配置完成以后，在使用:
system-config-packages
system-config-kickstart
这些工具时，也能够支持。

yum list installed #所有已安装名
yum list updates #所有可更新包
yum updates #升级系统
yum install gcc #安装gcc
4. PGP公钥解决办法:
rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-PGP-KEY

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