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源代码包安装配置高可用性vsftp

2009-12-20 13:24| 发布者: admin| 查看: 30| 评论: 0|原作者: 仙剑

源代码包安装配置高可用性vsftp


Vsftp(Very Secure FTP)是一种在Unix/Linux中非常安全且快速稳定的FTP服务器,目前已经被许多大型站点所采用,如ftp.redhat.com, ftp.kde.org, ftp.gnome.org.等。
Vsftpd的实现有三种方式:
1、匿名用户形式:在默认安装的情况下,系统只提供匿名用户访问
2、本地用户形式:以/etc/passwd中的用户名为认证方式
3、虚拟用户形式:支持将用户名和口令保存在数据库文件或数据库服务器中。相对于FTP的本地用户形式来说,虚拟用户只是FTP服务器的专有用户,虚拟用户只能访问FTP服务器所提供的资源,这大大增强系统本身的安全性。相对于匿名用户而言,虚拟用户需要用户名和密码才能获取FTP服务器中的文件,增加了对用户和下载的可管理性。对于需要提供下载服务,但又不希望所有人都可以匿名下载;既需要对下载用户进行管理,又考虑到主机安全和管理方便的FTP站点来说,虚拟用户是一种极好的解决方案。
一、安装
1.下载最新的稳定版vsftpd- 2.0.3.tar.gz
2.卸载原有的rpm的vsftpd
  rpm -e vsftpd
3.tar xvzf vsftpd- 2.0.3.tar.gz
4.cd vsftpd- 2.0.3
# vi builddefs.h \\编辑builddefs.h 文件,文件内容如下:
#ifndef VSF_BUILDDEFS_H
#define VSF_BUILDDEFS_H
#undef VSF_BUILD_TCPWRAPPERS
#define VSF_BUILD_PAM
#undef VSF_BUILD_SSL
#endif /* VSF_BUILDDEFS_H */
将以上undef的都改为define,支持tcp_wrappers,支持PAM认证方式,支持SSL
5.make
6.useradd -s /sbin/nologin nobody
7.mkdir /usr/share/empty
8.mkdir /var/ftp
9.useradd -d /var/ftp -s /sbin/nologin ftp
10.chown root.root /var/ftp
11.chmod og-w /var/ftp
 
 说明:如果你象我一样原来有rpm的vsftp,只是卸载了,可以省略6-11步,如果原来没有安装vsftp,请按部就班。请记住,如果你不想让用户
在本地登陆,那么你需要把他的登陆SHELL设置成/sbin/nologin,比如以上的nobody和ftp我就设置成/sbin/nologin
12.make install
13.vi /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
  把disable=yes改成no,保存退出。然后service xinetd restart,OK!新装的vsftp已经可以工作了!
  说明:默认安装的vsftpd是以xinetd的方式启动的。你需要上述操作,一会儿,我们再来讲把它改成独立启动的服务。
14.ftp 127.0.0.1
  输入用户名ftp,密码直接回车,OK!已经可以连接了!输入quit退出。然后重新ftp 127.0.0.1,输入本地用户和密码,却提示login faild!why?原来少一个本地用户认证的pam文件。
15.cp RedHat/vsftpd.pam /etc/pam.d/ftp(注意,没有这一步将不能使用本地用户登录!)
16.cp vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf(现在,默认还是只能匿名用户登录)17.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
  把anonmous_enable=YES改成NO(禁掉匿名链接,不安全)
  把local_enable=YES前的注释去掉(打开本地用户连接的权限)
  把write_enable=YES前的注释去掉(打开本地用户的写权限)
  把local_umask=022前的注释去掉
  service xinetd restart
18.再次测试 
 ftp 127.0.0.1
  使用ftp用户空密码登录,将出现login faild
  使用本地用户登录,OK!已经成功了!上传文件,也OK!
二、高级配置
1.使用独立服务
  a.vi /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd把disable=no还改成yes,不再需要它了!
  b.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf在结尾加上listen=YES
  c.service xinetd restart
  d./usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &
  OK!现在vsftp已经是独立启动的服务了!
2.使用非常规的端口(2121)
  a.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
   添加listen_port=2121,保存退出
  b.killall -9 vsftpd
  c./usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &
  OK!现在用ftp 127.0.0.1将提示你连接被拒绝了(ftp:connect:Connetion refuesd)!然后ftp 127.0.0.1 2121输入用户名和密码,OK!可以登录!
3.实现不同用户不同权限(虚拟用户)
  现在我们就来实现三个用户的不同权限:
(a).upload用户,可以上传下载,可以新建文件夹,但不能删除文件和文件夹,不能重命名原有文件和文件夹;
(b).download用户,只能下载;
(c).admin用户,管理员,可以上传,可以下载,可以新建文件夹,可以删除和更改文件和文件夹名。这些用户都不能登录系统,并且用ftp连接时锁定在自己的家目录中不能进入系统文件夹。
 a.vi logins.txt
   upload
   ******* #upload用户的密码
   download
   *******
   admin
   ****************
:wq //保存退出
  说明,此文本文件的格式是:单数行为用户名,偶数行为密码
 b.db_load -T -t hash -f logins.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db
 c.chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd_login.db
 d.cd vsftpd-2.0.3/EXAMPLE;cp VIRYUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /etc/pam.d/ftp.vu
(进入你的解包的源码目录,把虚拟用户的认证文件拷贝到/etc/pam.d/下)
 e.#useradd -d /home/ftpsite virtual
#chmod 700 /home/ftpsite
#su - virtual
#vi /homt/ftpsite/test.file(建立虚拟用户所要访问的ftp目录并设置仅virtual用户访问的权限和创建一个供下载实验的文件)
f.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf在此文件中插入下面的配置语句
   guest_enable=YES(启用虚拟用户)
   guest_username=virtual(将虚拟用户映射为本地virtual用户)
   pam_service_name=ftp.vu(指定PAM配置文件为ftp.vu)
   user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf(指定不同虚拟用户配置文件的存放路径)
  保存退出
 g.mkdir /etc/vsftpd_user_conf
 h.开放不同用户的不同权限 echo
"anon_world_readable_only=NO">/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/download(开放
download用户的下载权限——只能下载;注意这个不地方不要写成YES,否则将不能列出文件和目录)
   cp /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/download /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload
   vi /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload,添加下列行
   write_enable=YES (增加写权限)
   anon_upload_enable=YES(增加上传权限)
   anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES (增加创建目录的权限)
   cp /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/admin
  增加一行:
   anno_other_writer_enable=YES(增加管理员用户的删除/重命名的权限)
 i.测试
  killall -9 vsftpd;/usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &
  ftp 127.0.0.1 2121
  以用户名download和你设置的密码登录,ls,可以看到文件,下载,成功!put一个文件,提示
Permission denied。rename test.file同样权限被拒绝;delete test.file同样不成功!
  输入quit退出,以upload用户登录,OK!可以上传,下载,mkdir lsf,提示“/lsf" created;rename lsf lsf1提示Permission denied,删除文件同样不成功!
  输入quit退出,以admin用户登录,可以有上述所有权限,然后rmdir lsf,提示Remove directory
o[eration successful;delete test.file提示Delete operation
successful!OK,大功告成了!
三、附配制文件
注意:每行的等号前后都不要有空格,否则启动时会出现错误,举个例子,假如我在listen=YES后多了个空格,那我启动时就出现如下错误:
500 OOPS: bad bool value in config file for: listen
/etc/vsftpd.conf文件的内容
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties
# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in
# ASCII mode.
# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish
# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),
# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be
# on the client anyway..
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to Serv-U FTP serser. #(一个真实的慌言:em02:)
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
listen_port=2121
listen=yes
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=virtual
pasv_min_port=30000
pasv_max_port=30999
pam_service_name=ftp.vu
anon_world_readable_only=NO
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf 
/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/download的内容
anon_world_readable_only=NO 
 
/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload的内容
anon_world_readable_only=NO
write_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/admin的内容
anon_world_readable_only=NO
write_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
自启动脚本,在/etc/rc.local中加入/usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &









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