| ◆********************...... ********************************************************** 第一部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 服务。 ********************************************************** 一，绪言 在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令，可用于在一台物理服务器运行多个Mysql服务，今天参考一些文档，亲自测试并通过,真高兴，现将操作过程共享给大家! 操作系统:Linux 2.6.13 (Slackware),其它版的Linux应该也差不多。 数据库:Mysql 4.0.17 源程序安装(相信最新的5.1.*也差不多，过些天再试试) 规划:运行4个mysql服务: 假设服务器名:db-app (IP为192.168.0.100), 假设服务器名:db-app2 (IP为192.168.0.101), 下文直到第二部分,均为讲述db-app中的mysql, 二，准备 用mysql源程序安装,假设在安装时用的configura选择项 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data1 --sysconfdir=/etc 备注:--prefix将MYSQL安装到/usr/local/mysql, --datadir将数据库生成/usr/local/mysql/data1 sysconfdir是指定mysql使用到的my.cnf配置文件的搜索路径为/etc，其他mysql安装过程略。 根据Mysql管理手册中提到:每个Mysql的服务都可为独立的，所以它都调用一个my.cnf中各自不同的启动选项--就是下文中将提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服务的数据库都是独立的(更多可查阅mysql官方网站的英文管理手册)。 mysqld_multi是管理多个mysqld的服务进程，这些服务进程程序不同的unix socket或是监听于不同的端口。他可以启动、停止和监控当前的服务状态。 ----程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定义的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段，"#"可以是任意的正整数。这个正整数就是在下面提及的段序列，即GNR。段的序号做为mysqld_multi的参数，来区别不同的段，这样你就可以控制特定mysqld进程的启动、停止或得到他的报告信息。这些组里的参数就像启动一个mysqld所需要的组的参数一样。但是，如果使用多服务，必须为每个服务指定一个unix socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多个MySQL服务 )。 从上述文字可看到多Mysql服务中最重要的就是my.cnf配置文件了。 现我贴出我的my.cnf文件： [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = mysql (用一个帐号来启动所有的mysql服务器,因为是用一相同的帐号。那个么这帐号必须都是每个mysql服务都要用的帐号,最好是管理帐号,下面的口令与相同) password = mypaswd [mysqld1] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1 pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app1.pid log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app.log datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data user = mysql [mysqld2] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app2.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app.log user = mysql [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app3.pid3 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app.log user = mysql [mysqld4] port = 3309 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app4.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4 log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/db-app.log user = mysql [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [isamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 我的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2,mysqld3,mysqld4。就是说我将启动4个mysql服务在同一服务器的不同端口——3306-3309，每datadir所指定的数据库文件路径都是不相同的，都有各自不同的日志文件。其它一些设置可用my.cnf 原来的内容。 ok, 重要的my.cnf编好的，现在为配置中不同mysql 服务建立各自文件夹和初始数据库等。 [mysqld1]是一个默认的,在我们安装mysql时已经有了，所以不用管它。 [mysqld2],只要根据配置就的路径为它建立一个目录就可以了.将把该目录改为mysql管理权。 db-app:/ # mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data2 建数据库,我们可以把默认的mysql数据库复制过来，以利用其它的mysql帐号,其它数据库根据应用再建立。 db-app:/ # cp /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R db-app:/ # chmod mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R [mysqld3],[mysqld4], 相同。 我们可能看看这些目录是否都存在。 db-app:/ # ls -l /usr/local/mysql/ drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data4 drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:14 data1 drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data2 drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data3 现在可以通过mysqld_multi启动了。 三,mysqld_multi命令 使用如下参数来启动mysqld_multi: (注:该命令在mysql的bin目录中,根据上面所提到./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql ,所以该文件应该在 /usr/local/mysq/bin, 这得根据你安装时所指定的路径 )。 db-app:/ # mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...] start,stop和report是指你想到执行的操作。你可以在单独的服务或是多服务上指定一个操作，区别于选项后面的GNR列表。如果没有指定GNR列表，那么mysqld_multi将在所有的服务中根据选项文件进行操作。 每一个GNR的值是组的序列号或是一个组的序列号范围。此项的值必须是组名字最后的数字，比如说如果组名为mysqld17，那么此项的值则为17.如果指定一个范围，使用"-"(破折号)来连接二个数字。如GNR的值为10-13,则指组mysqld10到组mysqld13。多个组或是组范围可以在命令行中指定，使用","(逗号)隔开。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab)，在空白字符后面的参数将会被忽略。 (注:GNR值就是我们定义my.cnf中mysqld#中的值,我这里只有1-4)。 db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1 只启动第一个mysql服务,相关文件由my.cnf中mysql1设定。 db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 1 停止第一个mysql服务 db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4 启动第1至4mysql服务,其实就是我这里的全部。 db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf report 1-4 查看启动: db-app:/ # ps aux root 10467 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock1 root 10475 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock2 root 10482 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3308 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3 root 10487 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3309 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock4 四,客户端访问 任何客户端访问都需要指定访问端口.方才能进入指定数据库服务.否则将使用到Mysql默认的端口（3306）所服务的MYSQL。 ********************************************************** 第二部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql主服务。 ********************************************************** 提示:建立一个帐号,专门用于下面主从复制,本例用的的帐号repl, 口令为:'1234567890', 可让其拥有select_priv,reload_priv,process_priv,grant_priv,super_priv,repl_slave_priv,repl_client_priv权限，并能通过任何客户进行访问,即访问客户为'%'。 主要是修改my.cnf中的内容,让每个mysql生成自己的bin-log文件及各自的运行环境，现贴上我的my.cnf全部内容,相关参数与请参考mysql 官文手册。 #[client] #password = your_password #port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = mysql password = mypasswd [mysqld1] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1 skip-locking pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log long_query_time = 2 key_buffer = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 32M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=500 log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/app-net1_1-bin server-id = 1 [mysqld2] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data2/app-net1_2-bin server-id = 1 [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3 skip-locking pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log user = mysql log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data3/app-net1_3-bin server-id = 1 [mysqld4] port = 3309 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4 skip-locking pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1d.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data1 log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/net-app1.log user = mysql log-bin log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1_4-bin server-id = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 启动多mysql服务都是相同的, db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4 ********************************************************** 第三部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 从服务。 ********************************************************** 构建从服务器的预选准备: 建议用mysqld_multi 把主服务器的mysql全部停掉.删除数据目录中的所有除数据库目录以外的任何文件(此文中的数据目录库有４个,datadir = /usr/local/mysql/中的 data1 -- data1)．建主从都用相同的数据目录路径． 用Tar 命令把每数据库封装起来，并通过sftp命令put/get到从服务器(db-app1 192.168.0.101)。 下列操作供参考: 在db-app主机上的操作 db-app:/ # tar -cf data1.tar /usr/local/mysql/data1 db-app:/ # tar -cf data2.tar /usr/local/mysql/data2 db-app:/ # tar -cf data3.tar /usr/local/mysql/data3 db-app:/ # tar -cf data4.tar /usr/local/mysql/data4 在db-app1主机上的操作 db-app1:/ # tar xvf data1.tar db-app1:/ # tar xvf data2.tar db-app1:/ # tar xvf data3.tar db-app1:/ # tar xvf data4.tar 同时，请确认系统帐号mysql是否对主/从服务器的中的mysql数据目录都有操作权限，如果无法确认，你直接更修改这些目录的所有权即可。 在db-app主机上的操作 db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -R db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -R db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R 在db-app1主机上的操作 db-app1:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -R db-app2:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R db-app3:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -R db-app4:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R 下面就是从服务器上/etc/my.cnf的全部内容。 提示:下面的my.cnf中将会提到一个帐号:repl, 口令为:'1234567890', 这个帐号就是上面专门建立的。 其实都一样,主要是修改my.cnf中的内容,让每个从mysql通过主mysql的不同的端口,去获取各自bin-log来更新自生的数据库内容．现贴上我的my.cnf全部内容(从服务器),相关参数与请参考mysql 官文手册。 #[client] #password = your_password #port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = mysql password = netmoniit [mysqld1] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1 skip-locking pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log long_query_time = 2 key_buffer = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 32M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=500 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqld2] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data3/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqld3] port = 3308 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1d.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4 log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1.log user = mysql log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data4/slowquery.log long_query_time = 10 key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache = 32 query_cache_size = 16M thread_concurrency = 2 max_connections=300 server-id = 2 master-host = 192.168.0.100 master-user = 'repl' master-password = '1234567890' master-port = 3309 report-host = net-app1 master-connect-retry = 30 log-bin log-slave-updates [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 在功告成,现在分别启动两台主机上的多mysql服务，这样，每个主服务的每个mysql有变化，都会自动复制／更新到从服务器对应的数据库中。 db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4 db-app1:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4 |
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